Winning the Electrification Race
Support our newsroom by MAKING A CONTRIBUTION HERE
If governments adopt bold policies to help accelerate the production of clean electricity, the world could build a zero-carbon economy fast enough to limit climate change to a manageable degree. But without such measures, a zero-carbon economy will come much too late.
LONDON – There is no doubt that by the year 2100, the world will enjoy abundant cheap zero-carbon energy. Coal will be confined to museums, and oil and gas use will be dramatically reduced. Technological progress makes that inevitable, even if unassisted by government policy. But to prevent potentially catastrophic climate change, a zero-carbon global economy must be achieved by mid-century. That, too, is possible, but only with strategic vision and strong policy support.
Electricity will dominate the future global energy system. Currently, it accounts for only 20% of final energy demand, with direct fossil-fuel use still dominant in transport, heating, and heavy industry. But most economic activities can be powered by electricity, and many will be far more efficient once electrified.
For example, internal-combustion engines typically turn 60-80% of all the energy they use into wasted heat, and only 20-40% into kinetic energy to drive the vehicle. Electric engines, by contrast, are over 90% efficient. Moreover, they are so much simpler to produce that within five years the cost savings on engines will offset the cost of batteries, making electric vehicles cheaper than diesel or gasoline cars. Similarly, electric heat pumps can deliver more than three kilowatt-hours of residential heating for only one kilowatt of energy input; no gas boiler could deliver more than 0.9 kWh for the same input.
Although battery-powered electric engines will play a growing role in short-distance aviation and shipping, batteries will be too heavy to power long-distance flights or intercontinental shipping for several decades yet. But ship engines could burn ammonia rather than fuel oil – and ammonia can be a zero-carbon fuel if it is made from hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water, using electricity generated from renewable sources. In addition, synthetic jet fuel can be made from hydrogen and carbon dioxide extracted from the air. Hydrogen, whether used as a fuel or a key chemical input, will also play a major role in the decarbonization of heavy industrial sectors such as steel and chemicals.
Without assuming any fundamental technological breakthroughs, we could certainly build by 2050 a global economy in which electricity met 65-70% of final energy demand, and hydrogen, ammonia, or synthetic fuel met a further 12-15%. Bioenergy and fossil fuels would then need to meet only about 20% of total energy use – and applying carbon capture to this greatly reduced fossil-fuel use could then ensure a truly zero-carbon economy.
Moreover, such widespread electrification would deliver huge environmental benefits, eliminating the pollution, noise, and unwanted or wasted heat inevitably produced by burning fossil fuels in vehicles, gas boilers, and industrial processes.
Building this economy will require an annual global electricity supply of about 90,000 terawatt-hours, compared to 23,000 TWh today; all of that must be generated in a zero-carbon way. But this goal, too, is undoubtedly attainable. Every day, the sun radiates to earth enough energy to cover humans’ daily energy needs 8,000 times, and we could provide 90,000 TWh of solar electricity using less than 1.5% of Earth’s land surface (or less than 0.5% if its water surface could be used as well). Solar-energy costs have fallen by 85% in the last ten years, and in many locations solar power is already cheaper than coal; by mid-century, it will be cheaper still.
Wind-power costs also have declined fast, and nuclear fusion may be a commercially viable technology within two decades. Battery costs have fallen by more than 80% since 2010 and will likely more than halve again by 2030, while a recent report suggests that electrolysis costs will now most probably “plummet.” Furthermore, a wide array of other energy-storage and demand-management technologies promises to answer the key question for renewable power systems: what to do when the sun doesn’t shine and the wind doesn’t blow.
These developments make it inevitable that by 2100 the world will have an ample supply of cheap and totally clean energy. But it is not inevitable that we will avoid catastrophic climate change. Fossil-fuel use is still increasing, and global warming is currently on track to reach 3°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100, dramatically overshooting the target of well below 2°C set by the Paris climate agreement. And although solar and wind costs have plunged, we need to increase capacity at 3-4 times the current rate to have a feasible chance of producing 90,000 TWh of clean electricity by 2050.
The macroeconomic cost of such an effort is not at all daunting: the total incremental investment required to build a zero-carbon economy by 2050 amounts to about 1-1.5% of global GDP per year. But the required acceleration will not occur without forceful government policies.
Such policies must start by recognizing that massive clean electrification, plus large-scale hydrogen use, is the only route to zero-carbon prosperity. Governments should set challenging targets for increasing renewable (and in some cases nuclear) power capacity, while using auctions to secure private-sector delivery at the lowest possible cost. Road-transport strategies must aim to completely eliminate internal-combustion engines from our roads by 2050 at the very latest: this will require bans on the sale of new internal-combustion vehicles far sooner. In addition, carbon pricing is essential to make industrial decarbonization economic. Finally, governments must support new technologies with initial deployment subsidies of the sort that have helped to reduce rapidly the costs of solar photovoltaic technology, wind turbines, and batteries.
With such policies, the world could build a zero-carbon economy fast enough to limit climate change to a manageable extent. But without the right measures, a zero-carbon economy will come much too late.
Adair Turner, Chair of the Energy Transitions Commission, was Chair of the UK Financial Services Authority from 2008 to 2012. His latest book is Between Debt and the Devil.
The text has been adapted from Project Syndicate website
Fine way of telling, and fastidious article to get information regarding
my presentation subject, which i am going to deliver in academy.
I’m really impressed together with your writing abilities and also with the structure on your weblog.
Is this a paid subject or did you modify it yourself? Anyway
keep up the excellent high quality writing, it
is rare to peer a great blog like this one today..
Hi, i think that i saw you visited my web site so i came
to “return the favor”.I am trying to find things to
enhance my web site!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!!
The one real draw back is the excessive value.
The true magic of the GamePad is in the way it interacts with video games.
It excels in CPU and GPU performance and dishes up persistently smooth and detailed visuals in AAA games on its 4K show.
In our Rise of the Tomb Raider benchmark, our Asus ROG Zephyrus
S17 with Nvidia RTX 3080 GPU set to 140W topped the field, edging out the Asus ROG Zephyrus X13 with Ryzen 8 5980HS CPU and RTX 3080 GPU set at 150W.
It additionally proved superior to the Adata XPG 15KC with
GeForce RTX 3070 set at 145W – the mix of the S17’s i9-11900H
processor and RTX 3080 GPU making mild work of the workload within the RoTTR preset.
Cinebench’s single-threaded benchmark scores show solely
minimal distinction amongst laptops (representative of mainstream applications), nevertheless, the S17’s multi-threaded rating ranked the S17
the second highest amongst our comparison laptops, proving its suitability for high-finish gaming
and CPU demanding duties like 3D video enhancing.
That’s sufficient for nearly all Mac laptops to charge at full speed or while in use.
Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you
penning this post and the rest of the site is also really good.
Good day! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading this post reminds me
of my good old room mate! He always kept chatting about this.
I will forward this post to him. Fairly certain he will have a good read.
Many thanks for sharing!
Hello colleagues, how is everything, and what you would like to say regarding this article, in my view its truly awesome in favor of me.
Here is my homepage – Choosing the right proofreading software
Wow, superb blog structure! How long have you ever been running a blog for?
you make running a blog look easy. The entire look of your site is magnificent, let alone the
content!
Good post! We will be linking to this great content on our website.
Keep up the great writing.
Remarkable issues here. I am very satisfied to look your post.
Thanks so much and I’m having a look ahead to contact you.
Will you kindly drop me a mail?
Here is my web-site – Fabian
I have been surfing online greater than 3 hours
these days, yet I never discovered any attention-grabbing article
like yours. It is lovely worth enough for me. Personally, if all
site owners and bloggers made excellent content as you did, the net will be a lot more
helpful than ever before.
Also visit my site – rtp lion4dbet
Attractive part of content. I simply stumbled upon your web site and
in accession capital to say that I get in fact enjoyed account your weblog posts.
Any way I’ll be subscribing on your augment or even I fulfillment you
get admission to constantly fast.
my webpage Fern
My brother recommended I would possibly like this web site.
He was once totally right. This publish actually made my
day. You can not imagine just how a lot time I had spent for this information! Thank you!
Feel free to surf to my page :: world-tradingcenter.com
Asking questions are genuinely nice thing if you are not understanding anything
totally, but this article provides fastidious understanding even.
Here is my blog post – lion4dbet slot
There is definately a great deal to know about this topic.
I love all of the points you made.
My homepage – result hk
Magnificent goods from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous
to and you’re just too excellent. I really like what you’ve acquired here, certainly like what you’re saying and the way
in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still care for to
keep it wise. I can not wait to read far more from you. This is really a terrific site.
Do you have a spam problem on this website; I also am a blogger, and I was curious about your situation; many of us have developed some nice practices and we are
looking to trade techniques with other folks, please shoot me an email if interested.
Here is my web page – symphony.fem.jp
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the images on this blog loading?
I’m trying to determine if its a problem on my end or if it’s
the blog. Any responses would be greatly appreciated.
Hello would you mind letting me know which web host you’re utilizing?
I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different internet browsers and
I must say this blog loads a lot quicker then most. Can you recommend
a good hosting provider at a fair price? Cheers, I appreciate it!
Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an extremely long comment but
after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up. Grrrr…
well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyway,
just wanted to say fantastic blog!
My webpage :: http://www.23ebook.com
Hello there! This article couldn’t be written any better!
Going through this post reminds me of my previous
roommate! He always kept preaching about this.
I will send this post to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a good read.
Thank you for sharing!
For years, companies have structured their business strategies around the funnel, but not anymore
You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to
be actually something which I think I would never
understand. It seems too complex and extremely broad for me.
I’m looking forward for your next post, I’ll try to get the
hang of it!
The Architecture Studio is the perfect set for
young architects who want to develop their creativity and design abilities.
top-rated Lego builds to own
Marvel Lego sets will appeal to all superhero fans.
They bring the action to your fingertips!
This guide showcases some of the most interesting and original
Lego sets. The possibilities for creativity are endless!
Howdy, I think your blog could be having browser compatibility issues.
Whenever I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine however, if opening
in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping issues.
I merely wanted to give you a quick heads up! Aside from that, great
website!
I can’t believe how detailed and intricate the bonsai tree set is.
It’s an amazing piece of artwork! lego blocks entertainment system Jack helped
me build my LEGO hoverboard. But he turned it accidentally into a giant spaceship.
Jack’s got skills! The Taj Mahal LEGO is an architectural masterpiece that will delight any
architecture fan!
This website was… how do I say it? Relevant!! Finally
I’ve found something that helped me. Many thanks!
Wow! Finally I got a blog from where I be capable of really
take helpful facts regarding my study and knowledge.
Helpful info. Fortunate me I discovered your website by chance, and I am stunned why this accident didn’t happened in advance!
I bookmarked it.
Heya fantastic website! Does running a blog similar to this
require a great deal of work? I have very little expertise
in coding but I had been hoping to start my own blog soon. Anyways,
if you have any suggestions or techniques for new blog
owners please share. I know this is off subject nevertheless I simply needed to ask.
Thanks a lot!
Hey very cool site!! Guy .. Beautiful .. Wonderful .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds
also? I’m satisfied to find numerous helpful info here in the
post, we need work out more strategies in this
regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .
Link exchange is nothing else but it is simply placing the other person’s webpage
link on your page at suitable place and other person will
also do similar in support of you.
I really love your blog.. Pleasant colors & theme.
Did you develop this site yourself? Please reply back as I’m looking
to create my own personal website and would like to learn where you got this from or what the theme is called.
Many thanks!
Hi to every body, it’s my first go to see of this webpage; this weblog contains remarkable and actually excellent information for visitors.
I used to be able to find good info from your articles.
always i used to read smaller content that as well clear their motive,
and that is also happening with this article which I am reading here.
I am genuinely thankful to the holder of
this web page who has shared this fantastic article at here.
What’s up, yes this paragraph is genuinely fastidious and I have learned lot of things from it on the
topic of blogging. thanks.
Thanks for your marvelous posting! I really enjoyed reading it, you will be a great author.I will make sure to
bookmark your blog and will often come back someday.
I want to encourage you to continue your great writing, have a nice weekend!
This is very fascinating, You are an excessively skilled blogger.
I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to looking for more of your great post.
Also, I’ve shared your site in my social networks
I blog frequently and I genuinely thank you for your information. This article has really peaked my interest.
I am going to book mark your blog and keep checking for new details about once a week.
I opted in for your Feed as well.
Hello there! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I genuinely enjoy
reading through your articles. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that cover the same subjects?
Many thanks!
I got this web site from my buddy who told me concerning this web site and at the moment this time I am
visiting this web page and reading very informative articles at
this time.
I like the helpful info you provide in your articles.
I’ll bookmark your blog and check again here regularly.
I am quite sure I’ll learn a lot of new stuff right here!
Best of luck for the next!
I like the valuable information you provide in your articles.
I’ll bookmark your blog and check again here regularly.
I’m quite sure I will learn plenty of new stuff right here!
Good luck for the next!
I was recommended this blog by my cousin. I’m not sure whether this post is written by him as no
one else know such detailed about my difficulty.
You’re amazing! Thanks!
Right now it looks like Drupal is the top blogging platform available right now.
(from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?
Having read this I believed it was rather enlightening.
I appreciate you finding the time and energy to put this content together.
I once again find myself personally spending a significant amount of time both reading and posting comments.
But so what, it was still worthwhile!
This blog was… how do I say it? Relevant!! Finally I’ve found something which helped me. Cheers!
There is certainly a lot to know about this issue. I like all the points you have made.
Playing in your preferred currency at the ideal CasinosOnline is now one
thing that Australians can afford.
Not all on the internet casinos offer ZAR as a currency with which to spend.
Quality articles or reviews is the main to attract the
people to visit the website, that’s what this web page is providing.
Connecticut boasts a vibrant array of social casinos, every offering its exclusive blend
of entertainment.
After your account is set up, you can make your first deposit and take advantage of your welcome provide.
Way cool! Some extremely valid points! I appreciate you penning this write-up plus the rest of the website is also very good.
due to the fact they can absolutely modify your life in no time.
We’re licensed and regulated by the appropriate enforcement agencies for just about every state in which we operate.
Alien casino mascots referred to as Yojies await at this casino, and they will
lead you ideal to the Yoji Casino games choice.
When a player raises with the intention of generating all
other players except one fold.
The second season of “Big Bet” had an unexpected ending with the rise of an underdog.
Roulette is a classy casino game that can be both entertaining and profitable after you study the rules.
For instance, in roulette, players guess
exactly where the ball will cease and get rewarded with a
payout if they guess properly.
Then, you will also acquire a 150% match of up to $1,500 on your subsequent four
transactions.
Wow that was strange. I just wrote an extremely long
comment but after I clicked submit my comment
didn’t show up. Grrrr… well I’m not writing
all that over again. Anyhow, just wanted to say fantastic blog!
When I originally commented I appear to have clicked on the
-Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every
time a comment is added I receive 4 emails with the same comment.
Perhaps there is a means you can remove me from that service?
Thanks a lot!
I always spent my half an hour to read this blog’s
posts every day along with a cup of coffee.
Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a leisure account it.
Look complex to far added agreeable from you! By the way, how could we keep
up a correspondence?
My partner and I stumbled over here coming from a different web page and thought I might check things out.
I like what I see so i am just following you. Look forward to going over your web page yet again.
What’s up everybody, here every person is sharing these experience,
so it’s pleasant to read this weblog, and I used to pay a quick
visit this weblog daily.
I do agree with all the ideas you’ve introduced on your post.
They’re really convincing and can definitely work.
Still, the posts are too quick for novices. May just you please extend them
a little from subsequent time? Thanks for the post.
Fantastic website. Lots of useful info here. I’m sending it to some pals ans
additionally sharing in delicious. And certainly,
thank you for your sweat!
I think the admin of this web site is truly working hard for his website, as here every data is quality based data.
I’m not sure where you are getting your info, but great topic.
I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more.
Thanks for excellent info I was looking for this information for
my mission.
This design is steller! You definitely know how to
keep a reader entertained. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Excellent job.
I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you
presented it. Too cool!
obviously like your web-site but you need to check the spelling on quite a few of
your posts. Several of them are rife with spelling issues and I to
find it very bothersome to tell the reality nevertheless I’ll definitely come again again.
Here is my webpage lion4dbet promo
Everything is very open with a precise explanation of the issues.
It was definitely informative. Your website is useful.
Many thanks for sharing!
my web blog: Lucie
The U.S. has resisted the swap, making American consumers and their credit cards the
“low-hanging fruit” for hackers. In the U.S.
market, count on to see numerous so-known as “chip and signature” playing cards.
The most important motive chip and PIN playing cards are more secure than magnetic stripe playing cards is as a
result of they require a four-digit PIN for
authorization. But improvement is perhaps modest if you are not a energy-person otherwise you already had a decent quantity
of RAM (4GB or extra). Shaders take rendered 3-D objects constructed on polygons (the building blocks of 3-D animation) and make them look extra
lifelike. It was about dollars; animation was far cheaper to provide
than stay motion. Actually shopping for a motherboard and a case along with
all the supporting components and assembling the entire
thing yourself? And there’s one essential factor a Polaroid Tablet can try this an iPad can’t.
Gordon, Whitson. “What Hardware Upgrade Will Best Speed Up My Pc (If I Can Only Afford One)?” Lifehacker.
I am not sure where you’re getting your information, but
great topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more.
Thanks for magnificent info I was looking for this information for my mission.
Winning the Electrification Race – THE CHRONICLES
[url=http://www.g4x907v4j789ka22q3189steun5g6etss.org/]unbbdhblm[/url]
anbbdhblm
nbbdhblm http://www.g4x907v4j789ka22q3189steun5g6etss.org/
Extrusion Line for Solid Wall Pipe
Extrusion Equipment of Solid Wall Pipe
Finger Chips Machine
Extrusion Line for Solid Wall Pipe
Continuous Retort
Industrial Bowl Cutter
westfalenzucht.de